Auxiliary Activity Family 5

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• Author: ^^^Maria Cleveland^^^ and ^^^Yann Mathieu^^^
• Responsible Curator: ^^^Harry Brumer^^^

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Auxiliary Activity Family AA5
Fold	Seven-bladed β-propeller
Mechanism	Copper Radical Oxidase
Active site residues	known
CAZy DB link
https://www.cazy.org/AA5.html

Substrate specificities

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Authors may get an idea of what to put in each field from Curator Approved Auxiliary Activity Families and Glycoside Hydrolase Families. (TIP: Right click with your mouse and open this link in a new browser window...)

In the meantime, please see these references for an essential introduction to the CAZy classification system: [1, 2].

Kinetics and Mechanism

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Catalytic Residues

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Three-dimensional structures

AA5 share a seven-bladed β-propeller fold [3, 4, 5] as the catalytic domain containing the active site.

Family Firsts

First stereochemistry determination

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First catalytic nucleophile identification

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First general acid/base residue identification

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First 3-D structure

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References

1. Davies, G.J. and Sinnott, M.L. (2008) Sorting the diverse: the sequence-based classifications of carbohydrate-active enzymes. The Biochemist, vol. 30, no. 4., pp. 26-32. Download PDF version.

2. Cantarel BL, Coutinho PM, Rancurel C, Bernard T, Lombard V, and Henrissat B. (2009). The Carbohydrate-Active EnZymes database (CAZy): an expert resource for Glycogenomics. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(Database issue):D233-8. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkn663 |
4. Yin DT, Urresti S, Lafond M, Johnston EM, Derikvand F, Ciano L, Berrin JG, Henrissat B, Walton PH, Davies GJ, and Brumer H. (2015). Structure-function characterization reveals new catalytic diversity in the galactose oxidase and glyoxal oxidase family. Nat Commun. 2015;6:10197. DOI:10.1038/ncomms10197 |
6. Whittaker MM, Kersten PJ, Nakamura N, Sanders-Loehr J, Schweizer ES, and Whittaker JW. (1996). Glyoxal oxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a new radical-copper oxidase. J Biol Chem. 1996;271(2):681-7. DOI:10.1074/jbc.271.2.681 |
7. Whittaker JW (2003). Free radical catalysis by galactose oxidase. Chem Rev. 2003;103(6):2347-63. DOI:10.1021/cr020425z |
8. Andberg M, Mollerup F, Parikka K, Koutaniemi S, Boer H, Juvonen M, Master E, Tenkanen M, and Kruus K. (2017). A Novel Colletotrichum graminicola Raffinose Oxidase in the AA5 Family. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017;83(20). DOI:10.1128/AEM.01383-17 |
9. Oide S, Tanaka Y, Watanabe A, and Inui M. (2019). Carbohydrate-binding property of a cell wall integrity and stress response component (WSC) domain of an alcohol oxidase from the rice blast pathogen Pyricularia oryzae. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2019;125:13-20. DOI:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.02.009 |

10. Mathieu, Y., Offen, W. A., Forget, S. M., Ciano, L., Viborg, A. H., Blagova, E., Henrissat, B., Walton, P.H, Davies, G.J, and Brumer, H. (2020). Discovery of a fungal copper radical oxidase with high catalytic efficiency toward 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and benzyl alcohols for bioprocessing. ACS Catalysis, 10(5), 3042-3058. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acscatal.9b04727

11. Kersten PJ and Kirk TK. (1987). Involvement of a new enzyme, glyoxal oxidase, in extracellular H2O2 production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Bacteriol. 1987;169(5):2195-201. DOI:10.1128/jb.169.5.2195-2201.1987 |

12. Ögel, Z. B.; Brayford, D.; McPherson, M. J., (1994). Cellulose-triggered sporulation in the galactose oxidase-producing fungus Cladobotryum (Dactylium) dendroides NRRL 2903 and its re-identification as a species of Fusarium. Mycol. Res., 98 (4), 474-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2014.12.010

13. COOPER JA, SMITH W, BACILA M, and MEDINA H. (1959). Galactose oxidase from Polyporus circinatus, Fr. J Biol Chem. 1959;234(3):445-8. | Google Books | Open Library
14. AMARAL D, BERNSTEIN L, MORSE D, and HORECKER BL. (1963). Galactose oxidase of Polyporus circinatus: a copper enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1963;238:2281-4. | Google Books | Open Library
15. Cleveland M, Lafond M, Xia FR, Chung R, Mulyk P, Hein JE, and Brumer H. (2021). Two Fusarium copper radical oxidases with high activity on aryl alcohols. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2021;14(1):138. DOI:10.1186/s13068-021-01984-0 |
16. Paukner R, Staudigl P, Choosri W, Sygmund C, Halada P, Haltrich D, and Leitner C. (2014). Galactose oxidase from Fusarium oxysporum--expression in E. coli and P. pastoris and biochemical characterization. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e100116. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0100116 |
17. Paukner R, Staudigl P, Choosri W, Haltrich D, and Leitner C. (2015). Expression, purification, and characterization of galactose oxidase of Fusarium sambucinum in E. coli. Protein Expr Purif. 2015;108:73-79. DOI:10.1016/j.pep.2014.12.010 |
18. Faria CB, de Castro FF, Martim DB, Abe CAL, Prates KV, de Oliveira MAS, and Barbosa-Tessmann IP. (2019). Production of Galactose Oxidase Inside the Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex and Recombinant Expression and Characterization of the Galactose Oxidase GaoA Protein from Fusarium subglutinans. Mol Biotechnol. 2019;61(9):633-649. DOI:10.1007/s12033-019-00190-6 |