Glycosyltransferase Families

Note: The GT pages are still very much in a beta test stage, especially regarding standardization of the style and content. We therefore welcome input from the community on these issues. Likewise, if you would like to offer to act as a Responsible Curator or Author of a GT page, please contact the Primary Curator.

This page lists all the Glycosyltransferase (GT) Family pages in CAZypedia that have been given Curator Approved status, as well as those that are currently under construction.

Overview

The principal enzymes that catalyze glycoside synthesis are glycosyltransferases [1, 2, 3, 4]. Glycosyltransferases utilize various sugar-1-phosphate derivatives including:

• Sugar mono- or diphosphonucleotides, in which case the resulting enzymes are referred to as Leloir glycosyltransferases.
• Non-nucleotide carbohydrate donors including various sugar polyprenol mono- or diphosphates, in which case the enzymes are referred to as non-Leloir glycosyltransferases.
• Sugar-1-phosphates and -pyrophosphates, in which case the enzymes are referred to as phosphorylases or pyrophosphorylases. Only some of such enzymes are classified as GTs on the basis of sequence (e.g. glycogen phosphorylase of GT35), others are classified as GHs.

A detailed explanation of the catalytic mechanism employed by these enzymes can be found on the Glycosyltransferases lexicon page.

Note: Transglycosylases are distinct from glycosyltransferases. Although both formally catalyze glycosyl transfer, i.e. transfer of a glycosyl residue from a donor substrate to an acceptor substrate,transglycosylases are mechanistically and structurally related to the glycoside hydrolases. Specifically, transglycosylases catalyze the intra- or intermolecular substitution of the anomeric position of glycosides.

Curator Approved

These pages have been approved by the Responsible Curator as essentially complete. CAZypedia is a living document, so further improvement of these pages is still possible; please see the individual pages for more information.

There are currently 5 Curator approved Glycosyltransferase (GT) Family pages in CAZypedia.

• GT36
• GT37
• GT42
• GT47
• GT108

Under construction

These pages are currently under construction in CAZypedia. As such, the Responsible Curator has deemed that the page's content is not quite up to CAZypedia's standards for full public consumption. All information on these pages should therefore be considered to be under revision and may be subject to major changes.

There are currently 2 Glycosyltransferase Family pages under construction in CAZypedia.

• GT1
• GT38

Unassigned pages

The following Unassigned pages are currently lacking a Responsible Curator and one or more Authors. If you are an expert on any of these families and would like to help us improve CAZypedia by getting involved with the production and maintenance of the corresponding page(s), please contact a member of the Board of Curators.

All GT Family pages not listed above are currently unassigned. Please contact us if you'd like to get involved with the creation of these pages. Undergraduate students, (post)graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, research associates, and professors are all welcomed to contribute!

Deleted families

The following families have been deleted from the CAZy database. Please see the individual CAZypedia pages and links to the corresponding CAZy DB pages for specific explanations.

There are currently 1 pages in CAZypedia that describe Glycosyltransferase families deleted from the CAZy DB.

• GT36

References

1. Campbell JA, Davies GJ, Bulone V, and Henrissat B. (1997). A classification of nucleotide-diphospho-sugar glycosyltransferases based on amino acid sequence similarities. Biochem J. 1997;326 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):929-39. DOI:10.1042/bj3260929u |
2. Coutinho PM, Deleury E, Davies GJ, and Henrissat B. (2003). An evolving hierarchical family classification for glycosyltransferases. J Mol Biol. 2003;328(2):307-17. DOI:10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00307-3 |
3. Claus-Wilhelm von der Lieth, Thomas Luetteke, and Martin Frank. (2010-01-19) Bioinformatics for Glycobiology and Glycomics: An Introduction. Wiley.

   Chapter 5: Coutinho PM, Rancurel C, Stam M, Bernard T, Couto FM, Danchin EGJ, Henrissat B. "Carbohydrate-active Enzymes Database: Principles and Classification of Glycosyltransferases."

4. Lairson LL, Henrissat B, Davies GJ, and Withers SG. (2008). Glycosyltransferases: structures, functions, and mechanisms. Annu Rev Biochem. 2008;77:521-55. DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.76.061005.092322 |