Carbohydrate Binding Module Family 32

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• Author: ^^^Elizabeth Ficko-Blean^^^
• Responsible Curator: ^^^Al Boraston^^^

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CAZy DB link

https://www.cazy.org/CBM32.html

Ligand specificities

In 1995 the first CBM32 structure and canonical ligand specificity for D-galactose were described from a multi-modular sialidase produced by Micromonospora viridifaciens[1].

A CBM32 from a Cellvibrio mixtus family 16 glycoside hydrolase binds laminarin and pustulan [2]

A CBM32 from a Clostridium thermocellum mannanase has demonstrated binding on the non-reducing end of β-mannans and β-1,4-linked mannooligosaccharides[3]

A periplasmic CBM32 from Yersinia enterolitica binds polygalaturonic acid components of pectin [4].

The Clostridium perfringens CBM32s have been well studied and many of their ligand specificities described as follows: D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine[5, 6, 7], D-galactose-β-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (LacNAc), L-fucose-α-1,2-D-galactose-β-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (type II blood group H-trisaccharide) [7] N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-β-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-β-1,2-D-mannose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-β-1,3-D-mannose (non-biological) [8], N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-α-1,4-D-galactose[6]

Some members of the family 32 CBMs have demonstrated a degree of promiscuity in their binding, these include CpCBM32-2 from the NagH enzyme and CpCBM32C from the NagJ enzyme, both produced by Clostridium perfringens[7, 8].

Please see these references for an essential introduction to the CAZy classification system: [9, 10]. CBMs, in particular, have been extensively reviewed [11, 12, 13, 14].

Structural Features

Content in this section should include, in paragraph form, a description of:

• Fold: Structural fold (beta trefoil, beta sandwich, etc.)
• Type: Include here Type A, B, or C and properties
• Features of ligand binding: Describe CBM binding pocket location (Side or apex) important residues for binding (W, Y, F, subsites), interact with reducing end, non-reducing end, planar surface or within polysaccharide chains. Include examples pdb codes. Metal ion dependent. Etc.

Functionalities

Content in this section should include, in paragraph form, a description of:

• Functional role of CBM: Describe common functional roles such as targeting, disruptive, anchoring, proximity/position on substrate.
• Most Common Associated Modules: 1. Glycoside Hydrolase Activity; 2. Additional Associated Modules (other CBM, FNIII, cohesin, dockerins, expansins, etc.)
• Novel Applications: Include here if CBM has been used to modify another enzyme, or if a CBM was used to label plant/mammalian tissues? Etc.

Family Firsts

First Identified

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First Structural Characterization

Insert archetype here, possibly including very brief synopsis.

References

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9. Davies, G.J. and Sinnott, M.L. (2008) Sorting the diverse: the sequence-based classifications of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Biochem. J. (BJ Classic Paper, online only). DOI: 10.1042/BJ20080382