Polysaccharide Lyase Family 15

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• Author: ^^^Emil Stender^^^
• Responsible Curator: ^^^Birte Svensson^^^

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Polysaccharide Lyase Family 15
3D structure	(α/α)6 barrel + anti-parallel β-sheet
Mechanism	β-elimination
Charge neutralizer	Arginine and histidine
Active site residues	known
CAZy DB link
https://www.cazy.org/PL15.html

Substrate specificities

PL15 currently contains 2 subfamilies [1] as well as several proteins currently not assigned to any subfamily. Subfamily one has been shown to only degrade alginate [2, 3, 4, 5] while subfamily 2 has been found to be heparin and heparan sulfate lyases [6, 7]. Alginate consisting of 1,4 linked β-D-mannuronic acid and α-L-guluronic acid arranged in poly-mannuronic acid blocks, poly-guluronic acid blocks or poly-mannuronic/guluronic acid blocks [8, 9]. Heparin consisting of disaccharide repeating units of which the most common is 2-O-sulfated 1,4 linked α-L-iduronic acid and 6-O-sulfated, N-sulfated glucosamine [IdoA(2S)-GlcNS(6S)]. Heparan sulfate being very similar to heparin having the IdoA replaced with β-D-glucuronic acid with a considerably more variable sulfation and acetylation pattern [10]. Authors may get an idea of what to put in each field from Curator Approved Glycoside Hydrolase Families. (TIP: Right click with your mouse and open this link in a new browser window...)

In the meantime, please see these references for an essential introduction to the CAZy classification system: [11, 12].

Kinetics and Mechanism

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Catalytic Residues

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Three-dimensional structures

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Family Firsts

First stereochemistry determination

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First catalytic nucleophile identification

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First general acid/base residue identification

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First 3-D structure

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References

1. Lombard V, Bernard T, Rancurel C, Brumer H, Coutinho PM, and Henrissat B. (2010). A hierarchical classification of polysaccharide lyases for glycogenomics. Biochem J. 2010;432(3):437-44. DOI:10.1042/BJ20101185 |
2. Miyake O, Hashimoto W, and Murata K. (2003). An exotype alginate lyase in Sphingomonas sp. A1: overexpression in Escherichia coli, purification, and characterization of alginate lyase IV (A1-IV). Protein Expr Purif. 2003;29(1):33-41. DOI:10.1016/s1046-5928(03)00018-4 |
3. Ochiai A, Yamasaki M, Mikami B, Hashimoto W, and Murata K. (2010). Crystal structure of exotype alginate lyase Atu3025 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(32):24519-28. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M110.125450 |
4. Jagtap SS, Hehemann JH, Polz MF, Lee JK, and Zhao H. (2014). Comparative biochemical characterization of three exolytic oligoalginate lyases from Vibrio splendidus reveals complementary substrate scope, temperature, and pH adaptations. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;80(14):4207-14. DOI:10.1128/AEM.01285-14 |
5. Hashimoto W, Miyake O, Ochiai A, and Murata K. (2005). Molecular identification of Sphingomonas sp. A1 alginate lyase (A1-IV') as a member of novel polysaccharide lyase family 15 and implications in alginate lyase evolution. J Biosci Bioeng. 2005;99(1):48-54. DOI:10.1263/jbb.99.48 |
6. Cartmell A, Lowe EC, Baslé A, Firbank SJ, Ndeh DA, Murray H, Terrapon N, Lombard V, Henrissat B, Turnbull JE, Czjzek M, Gilbert HJ, and Bolam DN. (2017). How members of the human gut microbiota overcome the sulfation problem posed by glycosaminoglycans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(27):7037-7042. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1704367114 |
7. Helbert W, Poulet L, Drouillard S, Mathieu S, Loiodice M, Couturier M, Lombard V, Terrapon N, Turchetto J, Vincentelli R, and Henrissat B. (2019). Discovery of novel carbohydrate-active enzymes through the rational exploration of the protein sequences space. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(13):6063-6068. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1815791116 |

8. Haug, A., Larsen, B., and Smidsrod, O. (1967) Studies on sequence of uronic acid residues in alginic acid. Acta Chem. Scand. 21, 691–704

9. Haug, A., Larsen, B., and Smidsrod, O. (1966) A study of constitution of alginic acid by partial acid hydrolysis. Acta Chem. Scand. 20, 183–190

10. Garron ML and Cygler M. (2010). Structural and mechanistic classification of uronic acid-containing polysaccharide lyases. Glycobiology. 2010;20(12):1547-73. DOI:10.1093/glycob/cwq122 |

11. Davies, G.J. and Sinnott, M.L. (2008) Sorting the diverse: the sequence-based classifications of carbohydrate-active enzymes. The Biochemist, vol. 30, no. 4., pp. 26-32. Download PDF version.

12. Cantarel BL, Coutinho PM, Rancurel C, Bernard T, Lombard V, and Henrissat B. (2009). The Carbohydrate-Active EnZymes database (CAZy): an expert resource for Glycogenomics. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(Database issue):D233-8. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkn663 |