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Carbohydrate Binding Module Family 92
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| CAZy DB link | |
| https://www.cazy.org/CBM92.html |
Ligand specificities
The first characterized member in the CBM92 family is from Cgk16A-CBM92 [1]. The CBM92 bound specifically to carrageenan. It was incapable of binding to other polysaccharide components in red algae including agarose, porphyran, and funoran [1]. Meanwhile, the CBM92 displayed no affinity to several anionic polysaccharides, namely pectin, chondroitin sulfates, dermatan sulfate, and sulfated fucans [1]. The CBM92 showed no significant difference in the affinity to κ- and ι-carrageenan.
Structural Features
No three-dimensional structure has been solved in this CBM family at present. Several conserved residues (e.g., Phe-70, Arg-72, and Phe-75) were discovered through the multiple sequence alignments of Cgk16A-CBM92 and its close homologs [1], which might be critical for the ligand binding of this CBM.
Functionalities
In the natural context, Cgk16A-CBM92 is a component of the κ-carrageenase Cgk16A [2]. It thus might contribute to the enzymatic activity of Cgk16A by binding to κ-carrageenan. To evaluate the feasibility of Cgk16A-CBM92 as a tool in the in situ investigation of carrageenan, a fluorescent probe was constructed by fusing Cgk16A-CBM92 with a green fluorescent protein. The in situ visualization of carrageenan in red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii was realized by utilizing the fluorescent probe [1].
Members of the CBM92 family are present in different glycoside hydrolase (GH) family sequences, e.g., GH16_17, GH5_54, GH19, and GH95. According to the CAZy database, these GH families comprise enzymes with various substrate specificities, including κ-carrageenase (GH16_17), chitinase (GH19), fucosidase (GH95), and galactosidase (GH95). It indicated that functional diversity might be present within the CBM92 family.
Family Firsts
- First Identified
- The first member Cgk16A-CBM92 is a component of a κ-carrageenase Cgk16A [2], which was discovered from a marine bacterium Wenyingzhuangia aestuarii OF219.
- First Structural Characterization
- No three-dimensional structure has been solved in this CBM family at present.
References
- Mei X, Chang Y, Shen J, Zhang Y, Han J, and Xue C. (2022). Characterization of a Novel Carrageenan-Specific Carbohydrate-Binding Module: a Promising Tool for the In Situ Investigation of Carrageenan. J Agric Food Chem. 2022;70(29):9066-9072. DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03139 |
- Shen J, Chang Y, Chen F, and Dong S. (2018). Expression and characterization of a κ-carrageenase from marine bacterium Wenyingzhuangia aestuarii OF219: A biotechnological tool for the depolymerization of κ-carrageenan. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018;112:93-100. DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.075 |